Production of thermoplastic inorganic compositions



K. TURK July 12, 1949.

PRODUCTION OF THERMOPLASTIC INORGANIC COMPOSITIONS Filed Aug. 13, 1945 Sm@ non ig@ Na on: xd

Patented July 12, 1949 PRODUCTION OF INORGANIC C THERMOPLASTIC OMPOSITIONS Karl Turk, Ridcl'wood, Md. Application August 13, 1943, Serial N0. 498,571

11 Claims.

The present invention relates to the production of an inorganic thermoplastic composition.

The invention in one of its forms is directed a pressure consolidated and heat plasticized composition made of a mixture of a base material as, for example, a metal sulfate and a vitreous or glass binding or bonding agent, said thermoplastic composition being capable of taking a ne polish and being worked and machined. Further, the composition is characterized by the following properties: preferably a Moh hardness varying between 3 and 5, although this may be varied considerably; resistance to deformation at fairly high temperatures, and a low water absorption. Preferably, the binding or bonding agent has a softening point varying from about 750 F. to about 1500 F., although these limits may vary considerably and still come within the spirit of the present invention.

The composition of the present invention is, as stated, resistant to deformation at high temperatures, the limit of which is governed by the softening range of the vitreous bonding glass. Preferably, the insoluble sulphate used in producing the herein composition has a fusion temperature higher than about 750 F., and more desirably it is preferred to use an insoluble sulphate as the base or body material which has a fusion temperature higher than 1300 F. In general, the final heat plasticized product will be resistant to temperatures varying from about 1300 F. to about 1800 F., although this limit will be exceeded if the vitreous bonding glass has a softening range` higher than 1800 F.

While usually a fairly soft glass having a melting point not greater than 1800 F. is used, it is not desired to be limited to this particular ternperature range since, as stated, the resistance to deforation at high temperatures is governed primarily by the softening range of the binding agent. The softening range ofthe binding agent or glass may be as high as 2400 F., and when the inorganic thermoplastic composition must be exceedingly refractory, the bonding or binding agent may have a softening range as high as 3000 F.A

In general, the softening range of the bonding agent should allow the plasticization of the nal product at the desired working temperature. The glass bonding agent should remain viscous over a sufficient range of temperature to allow the plasticization and working of the material during the pressing operation to be effected without exces-` sive flow of the glassy bonding agent. Preferably, the glassy bonding `agent should hold its viscosity through a range of 100 F. of temperature. It is desired tc point out that thebonding material should soften at a. temperature close to or adjacent to the temperature at which it is desired to produce the material in order to allow the plasticization of the iinal product at the particular heat treating temperature used whereby the herein produced pressure consolidated product is plasticlzed.

Illustrative examples of suitable bonding materials are the lead boro-silicates, the sodium boro-silicates, the lead aluminum silicates, the lithium boro-silicates, and the bismuth boro-silicateglasses. It is desired to point out that many variations of these very simple glass compositions may be made, other materials being substituted for part of the lead or the sodium or the lithium, or the bismuth. For example, a suitable vitreous or glassy bonding agent may be provided by introducing into' a lead boro-silicate glass oxides of sodium, aluminum, potassium, or calcium. These constituents, together with fluorine may be introduced in proportions suitable to produce a stable glass of satisfactory physical properties which will act as a desirable bonding material. In connection therewith, it may be stated that more or less the composition of the bonding agent is immaterial, provided it softens at the proper temperature, that is around the temperature Where the pressure consolidated material is heattreated to plasticize the same; and the fluidity or viscosity of the bonding agent is such that it holds this fluidity or viscosity over a rather long viscosity range. There are a few glasses which become extremely fluid at the heat pressing temperature, and while such glasses may be used, their use is not desirable since the processing step would require extremely close control. The

`bonding agent should not react with other ingredients of the thermoplastic composition in such a Way as to nullify the refractory characteristics of the insoluble sulphate base, and further, the bonding agent should not react with the insoluble sulphate base in a manner to destroy the plasticity of the nal two-step hot pressed plasticized product or of the iinal one-step heattreated plasticized product.

For most purposes, it is preferable that the water absorption of the final plasticized product be less than 2%, anddesirably less than 1%.

In the preferred form of the invention, the base or body material is any inorganic water insoluble sulphate, or a plurality of inorganic water insoluble sulphates, together with an agent reducing the absorption characteristics of the `pressure consolidated and heat treated product, said amsn y raiity or agents acting to reduce the brittleness l agent also reducing the brittleness er the-plasticized composition. There `may be present a pluof the heat plasticized product, or a 'plurality off agents functioning to reduce the water absorpltion characteristics of the thermoplastic composition. While any of the water insoluble inor- 1 ent a single sulphate,

sulphate;- and increasing the magnesium oxide up to while decreasing the calcium sulphate causes a decrease in water absorption of the final` v'prod uctj to below 1%. However, if the percent- `age "off magnesium oxide is increased to about l 12%.L there is a sharp increase of water absorption ganic sulphates may be used as the dominating constituent of the body material, it -is preferred to use calcium sulphate as this'imparts a suitable degree of whiteness to the final product, thereby water insoluble inorganic sulphate. typified by.

enabling the product to be colored after formacomposition may be effected in situ. o

As examples of other insoluble sulphateswhich insoluble alkaline earth salts, includingl barium sulphate and sulphate of strontium.

It may be stated that the amount of body material and the amount of vbonding agent shouldl be adjusted so that the final pressure consolition of the composition, or the coloring Vof the 15 may be used, mention may be made of the water dated and heat-treated product is capable of bel ing worked, that is machined and drilled.v The vitreous or glassybonding agent should be present in such amount as to not confer upon thel ilnal product a glassy state, as this prevents-the final product from being worked or machined.`

In general, thevitreous bonding. agent for thev body material may be present in amounts vary-` ing from to 80%, taken on the weightof the mixture, and preferably in amounts varying from while a preme-consolidated and heat-treated plasticized product made from a water insoluble sulphate, together with a. vitreous or glassy bonding agent, may be used for some purposes,

it has been ascertained that the composition is brittle to a substantial extent, and'further that itA hasa high moisture absorption coeilicient that is, when the pressure consolidated and heat plasl compositional.' bonding'blass for inorpanic thermoplastic compositions maturing beticized composition is boiled for one hour` in distilled water and the weight after boiling compared with the original weight, it -will be lfound that the composition has absorbed as much as 3 to 11 or 12% oi' waterQwhich prohibits the usek of the composition for many purposes.

In one form of the invention, there has [been introduced into the composition an agent to reduce the brittleness of the heat-treated plasticized material, said agent preferably acting tov decrease the water absorption properties of the plasticized composition. Magnesium oxide has been found to give excellent results, in that it materially reduces the brittleness and the water absorption characteristics of the final plasticized product. The water insoluble magnesium usilicates, as for example talc, serpentine, and similar Litharge 'used -in the present reien Fe1dsper 40 Cryolite to about 10 Vto 12%. Therefore, using a single calciumfsulphate, the critical amount of mas- .nesium` oxide byweightappears to be around` .10%. fHowever, if an additional inorganic sulphate is present, as for example an alkaline earth water insoluble sulphate. and more `particularly barium sulphate. thewater absorption proper'- ties oi the heat-treated plasticizedproduct are reduced to below 1%, when for the calcium sulphate there is substituted an equal amount of barium sulphate.y In general, the magnesium oxide may vary between .'5 to 15%, andthe final heat-treated plasticized product will absorb Q 1- than 2% of water, proyidedtherel isused inconj junction therewith'an additional insoluble sul-ifv phate'iunctioning as a secondary water absorpv.

tion inhibiting agent; i

The following is a speciilc ,examplesetting forth` the productionoi the'composition ofthe' .present invention.-v 'lhe compositionoilthebonding-glass example isset 'forth in the followingtablezP 'Y w Tiptel tween 1200 to 130e". F.

Ingredients vby weight'` Borlc Acid Barium Carbonate .I- -..,.--l

' The above ingredients are mixed in a suitable type oi mixer, as for examplev a blade ribbon mixer, and then subjected to smelting in a -furnace at a temperature of approximately 14.50 F.

The smelted batch is allowed to remain inthe furnace until the glass is completely molten andA substantially free of all raw material. Thereafter, the molten material is rdischarged into a water bath wherefrom a irit is produced which f is then dried. The dried material is then nne1y divided in any type of mill, as, for example, a

ball mill. The neness of thev glass may vary.

and related silicates, may also be used to reduce but preferably it is ground in the ball mill until it shows a residue of 12 grams from a 100 gram sample on a 200 mesh sieve. The vitreous frit or 'glassy bonding agent is thenremoved from the ball mill and passed through a screen to remove the coarse particles. The milled screened glass is then charged into a suitable mill as, for example, a vball mill, together` with calcium sulphate, magnesium oxide, and barium sulphate, and a suitable amount of water. By way of illustration, and not by way of limitation, the followwill generate gases, as for example CO2 and S03 or SO2.

The amount of 'magnesium oxide which may l be used varies when the body material has presing proportions are set forth:

Glass Calcium sulphate Magnesum oxide Barium' sulphate 14 Usually, there is added enough water to facilitate the grinding and mixing in the' ball mill and to as for 'example calcium,

` Percentage Poundsact as a bonding medium during the cold pressing operation, the amount of this water usually being between 2 and 10% taken on the weight of the above mixture. The charge is treated in the solidated under a suitable pressure which may vary considerably, but usually varies from 3600 to 46,00 pounds per square inch.4 While this range of consolidating pressure has been found to give satisfactory results. `the pressure may be either lowered or increased in accordance with the amount of consolidation desired. For example, if it is desired to form a finished plate 9 x l2 in surface area, and approximately 1/4 thick, the material is placed under a pressure of $00 tons total load.

Following the cold pressure-consolidating step, the material is removed from the mold of the press, dried and heat treated at a temperature which will initiate plasticization of the product. The upper limit of the heat-treatment-temperature is determined by the maturing range of the bonding agent. Since the bonding agent in this particular example has a softening range of around 1200 to 1300'J F., the pressure-consoli dated material is preheated at a temperaturev varying between i200 to 1300 F. As stated, this preheatiner temperature will depend upon the refractoriness of the glass bonding agent. If the glass bonding agent begins to soften at 750 F. or 900 F., or 1100 F., then this is the tem` perature at which the pressure-consolidated material or blank should be preheated in order to initiate and confer plasticity upon the final product. in Table I, the material shaped as above set forth may be heat treated for a period of from to 30 minutes. The heat-treated material may then be placed in a heated mold or die as, for example, a hot die hydraulic press. and again subjected to a pressure treatment. For example, the 9" x 12 blank may be subjected to a total dead load of 250 tons, which corresponds to a pressure of approximately 4600 pounds per square inch. During this hot pressing step, the die is maintained at any suitable temperature which will assist in further plasticization of the nal pressure-consolidated product or composition. lnv general, the heat pressing temperature may vary `from 750 to 1200 F., that is, the upper limit during the heat pressing may approach the softening range of the vitreous or glassy bonding agent. In some instances, the heat pressure step whereby. further plasticity is conferred on the final product or composition may be considerably lower than 750 F. as, for example, 500 F. In general, the heat pressure temperature will vary somewhat in accordance with the plasticity characteristics which it is desired to impart to the nal product.

Using the glass bonding agent set forth Normally, after the heat pressure step, the,

material is placed in a rack and cooled to room 05 temperature by normal air circulation. When the iinal product is to be used for particular purposes, the piece may be placed ina lear or annealing furnace, and brought to room temperature more slowly in order to inhibit stresses and strains in the final product. The resulting product is characterized by al1 the properties herein set forth;

that is, the composition may be subjected to grinding, machining, polishing, and/or drilling operations.

In the'above example, pressures, heating cycle,

and final heat pressing temperatures may be greatly varied in accordance with the characteristics which it is desired to impart to thefinal product and still comewithin the spirit of the present invention.

The following tables illustrati'vely set forth v arious compositions produced in accordance with the present' invention:

Tanna II VWater absorption characteristics of inorganic Bon i y e g Y Water CaSOl MgO BaS 0| V Per cent Per cen! 60 14 l2 14 0. 69 60 17 6 17 0. 46 40 5 l0 i5 1. 03 40 0 1() 50 0. 44 60 14 6 20 1. 26 60 20 6 14 1. 3l. 60 M 10 0 0. 41 60 31 9 0 0. 69 57 O 14 29 1. 22 60 0 12 28 0. 63

l Glass composition shown in Table I.

TABLE III Water absorption characteristics of inorganic shown in Table II, the body base including cal mum sulphate only and magnesium oxide.

Cmptoitio'n iinter W Bonding en y e g ater No. Absor Glass tionp CaSO4 MgO Per cent Per cent i 00 40 04 0. 70 00 35 s 2. 74 e0 si 0 0. 60 60 30 1o 0. 41 so 2s 12 10.38

Glass can vary from 30 to 80% Tanica IV Water absorption characteristics of inorganic thermoplastic compositions maturing at 1300" for 30 minutes and pressure heat-treated as herein set forth, the4 bonding agent being that shown in Table I, the body base including calcium sulphate, 'barium sulphate and magne- 'l sium oxide.

Composition in Per Cent by N Weight Absorption CaSOr MgO BaS04 Per cent f Referring to Tame n, it is to pe noted that the glass bonding agent varies from 40 to 60%, and the calcium sulphate ,varies from 0. to 31%; it may` range as high as 35 to almost 40%. The magnesium oxide is present in an amount varying from 6 to 14% but may, when used in con- Junction with barium sulphate, be present in an amount as much as 25%. The compositions set forth in Table II all are .characterized by low water absorption properties. For example, composition No. l of Table II which comprises equal amounts of two different water insoluble sulphates, and preferably equal amounts of two different water insoluble alkaline earth sulphates, togethery with 12% of magnesium oxide, has a water absorption of 0.69%, which represents the difference in weight between the product produced as herein set forth before and after boiling in distilled water for one hour. Composition No. 2, set forth in Table II, sets forth a product in which the inorganic sulphates are present in equal amounts, but the magnesium oxide is only present in an amount equal to 6% taken on the weight of the composition. In Example No. 3, there is present in the compositiona plurality of inorganic sulphates and, more specifically, a plurality of alkaline earth inorganic sulphates, but one isipresent in a very minor proportion and the other is present in an exceedingly highA proportion. The bonding agent is present in an amount equal to 40%. Composition No. 4 has only a single inorganic sulphate present with of magnesium oxide; it has very good waterabsorption characteristics, and, in fact, is slightly lower than any of the other water absorption percentages set forth in Table II. Composition No. 7 has 30% of calcium sulphate present and 10% magnesium oxide, there being no barium sulphate present. Composition No. 10 is a further example of the use of a single inorganic sulphate, together with magnesium oxide as high as 12%, said composition having an exceedingly good water vabsorption coeflicient. This illustrates that with barium sulphate the percentage of magnesium oxide can be considerably higher than with calcium sulphate, and the resulting pressure consolidated and heat plasticized product will still have a low absorption characteristic and be worky Example No. 11 comprising 60% of bonding glass and 40% of calcium sulphate, had a water coefficient of 6.7%. No magnesium oxide is present in composition No. 11. When 5% of magnesium oxide is substituted for the calcium sulphate, the water absorption characteristics decrease to 2.74%. When the magnesium oxide is increased to 9%, there is a further decrease in absorption to 0.69%. When the magnesium oxide is increased to 10%, there is a further decrease in absorption to 0.41%. However, using calcium sulphate alone, and having present 12% of magnesium oxide, there is a sharp. increase of water absorption to 10.38%.

By comparing Examples 10 and 15 of Tables II and III, it will be noted that when 12% of magnesium oxide is present, together with 28% of vbarium sulphate, the water absorption is 0.63,

thereby indicating that more magnesium can be `usedwith barium sulphate than with calcium sulof Table IV is identical with composition Nic. 15

of Table In. 1f 14%of barium sulphate be substituted for 14% of calcium sulphate, the moisture absorption coeicient drops from about 10.38

to about 0.69. However; the addition of 111% more4 has substantially no effect on the water absorption characteristics of the final pressureconsolidated and heat-treated product, this being indicated bythe data for composition No. 18. Composition No. 12 of Table III appears as composition No. 19 of Table IV. This composition comprises 60% glass, 35% calciumsulphate, and 5% magnesium oxide, and 0% barium sulphate; and has a water absorption coeicient of 2.74. In composition 21, 14% of the calcium sulphate has been replaced by 14% of barium sulphate, and thel water absorption has been reduced to 1.31%. lIf the barium sulphate contained be further increased to about 20%, as shown in composition 21, the water absorption is still further reduced to 1.26. f

In the drawing there is set `forth a triaxial diagram showing the effect of various amounts of barium sulphate, calcium sulphate, and magnesium oxide, ranging from 0 to 40% in a thermoplastic composition containing 60% The triaxial diagram is read as follows:

Each of the major divisions-that is the heavy lines-represent a two percent change in the composition. Each of the boundary lines, on the outside of the triangle, represent a two phase diagram consisting of combinations of the two end members of that` particular side in an amount totaling 40%, plus 60% glass. For example, the members at the bottom of the ligure represent 'compositions ranging from 0-40% barium sulphate and from 40% to 0% magnesium oxide, plus 60 percent glass and 0 percent calcium sulphate.

The compositions on the left hand leg of the triangle show mixtures containing 60 percent Y glass with 40 to 0 percent reading down of calcium sulphate and 40 to 0 percent magnesium oxide, reading up. Thus on this leg of the triangle, the composition showing the Water absorption of 2.74% at the top of the triaxial has a composition of 35 percent calcium sulphate and 5% magnesium oxide. The next composition,

downward, with 0.69% water absorption, conv tains 8% magnesium oxide and 32 percent calcium sulphate. The next member showing 0.41% moisture absorption contains 30% calcium sulphate and 10% magnesium oxide. To determine the amount of any one constituent, consider the leg of the triangle which does not touch the compo-- sition point as 0, then each of the lines parallel to this'leg facing in the direction towards the point itself, as anincrease of 2% of the material.

For example, approximately at the center of the l triaxlal, there will be found a, point showing a water absorption of 2.51 percent. This particular composition has 60%'glass, 10% magnesium oxide, 10% barium sulphate and 20% ca1cium sulphate. Similarly, the point to the right thereof showing 1.31% absorption will be found to con- ,tain 60% glass, 20% calcium sulphate, 14%'barium sulphate, and 6% of magnesium oxide.

The insoluble sulphates which were used in the preparation of the inorganic thermoplastic composition of the present invention melt at a temperature higher than the softening range of the vitreous bonding glass.

Instead of subjecting the herein described product to a pressure-consolidating stepand then to a two-step heat treatment, the mixture of any insoluble sulphate and the bending'agent which glass.

is preferably glass, although not necessarily so, and an agent to decrease the water absorption characteristics of the final product may be pressure-consolidated, and heated to plasticize the consolidated product. Thereafter the consolidated and heat-treated plasticized product is preferably allowed to slowly cool to therebyinhibit or prevent the generation of strain producing forces. The temperatures and pressures used when manufacturing utilizing a one-step heating process may be the same as herein set forth for `either of the heating steps using the two-step heating method.

The invention herein set forth may be utilized to produce earthenware, that is a product which is technically known as earthenware, the latter beingcapable of taking any of the prior art lglazes which are now used to glaze earthenware. said glazes being preferably prior art ceramic glazes.V

However, the earthenware product which may be made in accordance with the present invention diifers from the prior art ceramic ware in that the ceramic earthenware of'the present invention can be machined and worked after forming and firing, whereas ceramic ware produced in accordance with the hitherto known processes after once having been given a ,firing treatment is dimcult to work, shape or form. It is desired to point out that the time required to produce the prior art ceramic ware is, a` matter of days, whereas the herein described product may be prepared in a relatively short time, as for example in from two to ten hours. 'I'he herein described inorganic thermoplastic composition may also be used for electrical insulating purposes. However, it is not as suitable for high frequency insulation as the glass-bonded mica type material. 'I'he present product may be colored and used for decorative panels when some electrical insulation value is desired.

What I claim is:

1. A pressure-consolidated and heat-plasticized thermoplastic drillable and machinable product having a low water absorption coeicient consisting of a mixture of about 30% to 80% of a metal borosilicate glass bonding agent having a softening range between about 750 F. and about 1500 F., 5% to 15% of magnesium oxide having the property of reducing the water-absorption characteristics of the thermoplastic product, and the balance of the mixture being an insoluble sulphate selected from the group consisting of barium, calcium and strontium sulphates and mixtures thereof, each of said sulphates having a melting point higher than the the bonding glass.

2. A pressure-consolidated and heat-plasticzed thermoplastic drillable and machinable product having a low water absorption coefficient consisting of a mixture of about 40% to 60% of a metal borosilicate glass bonding agent having a softening range between about 750 F. and about 1500 F., 5% to 15% of magnesium oxide having the property of reducing the water-absorption characteristics of the thermoplastic product, and the balance of the mixture being an insoluble sulphate selected from the group consisting of barium, calcium and strontium sulphates and mixtures thereof, each of said sulphates havingl a melting point higher than the softening range of the bonding glass.

3. A pressure-consolidated and heat-plasticized thermoplastic drillable and machinable product having a low water absorption coefficient consisting of a mixture of about 30% to 80% of softeningrange of a metal borosilicate glass bonding agent having a softening range between about '150 F. and about 1500 F., 5% to v15% of magnesium oxide having the property of reducing the water-absorption characteristics of the thermoplastic product, and. the balance of the mixture being calcium sulphate and barium sulphate, each sulphate having a melting point higher than the'softening range of the bonding glass.

4. A pressure-consolidated and heat-plasticized thermoplastic drillable and machinable product having a low water absorption coefficient consisting of a mixture of.` about 40% to 60% of a metal borosilicate glass bonding agent having a softening range between about 750 F. and about 1500 F., 5% to 15% of magnesium oxide having the property of reducing the water-absorption characteristics of the thermoplastic product, and the balance of the mixture being calcium sulphate and barium sulphate, each sulphate having a melting point higher thanl the softening range of the bonding glass. l

5. A pressure-consolidated and heat-plasticized TV -thermoplastic drillable and machinable product having a low water absorption coefficient consisting of a mixture of 30% to 80% of a metal borosilicate glass having a softening range between about 750 and 1500A F., 5% to 10% mag nesium oxide having the property of reducing.

the water absorption characteristics of the thermoplastic compound, and the balance of the mixture being calcium sulphate, the latter having a. melting point higher than the softening range of the bonding glass.

6. A pressure-consolidated and heat-plasticized thermoplastic drillable and machinable product having -a low water absorption coefficient consisting of a mixture of 30% to 80% of a metal borosilicate glass having a softening range between about 750 and 1500F., 5% to 15% magnesium oxide having the property of reducing the water absorption characteristics of the thermoplastic compound, and the balance of the mixture being barium sulphate, the latter having a melting point higher than the softening range of the bonding glass.

7. The method of producing an inorganic thermoplastic machinable material comprising forming a mixture containing a small amount of a. liquid for plasticizing the mixture, about 30% to about of a finely divided metal borosilicate bonding agent having a softening range between about '750 and about 1500 F., about 5% to about 15% magnesium oxide having the property of reducing brittleness and water-absorption characteristics of the thermoplastic product, and a substantially water-insoluble inorganic alkaline metal sulphate having a melting point higher than the softening range of the bonding agent and constituting substantially all of the balance of the solids of the mixture, said sulphate being selected from the group consisting of barium, calcium and strontium sulphates, consolidating the mixture and heat-treating and plasticizing the mixture under a pressure varying between 3600 and 4600 pounds per square inch and at a temperature within the softening range'of the liquid for plasticizing the mixture, about 30% to about 80% of a finely divided metal borosilicate bonding agent having v750" and 1500 F., about 5% to aboutA 15% maglected from the group consisting-of barium, calcium and strontiumsulphates, and consolidlat-` lng and heat-treating and plasticizing the mixture under pressure at atemperature within the softening rangegof the `silicate .bonding agent while inhibiting the production of a glassy texvture preventing machining of .the`ii'nal product.-

9. 'I'he methodof producing an inorganic therl l lnioplastic machinable'niaterial comprising formi ing a mixturecontaining a `small amount oi' a liquid for plasticizing the mixture, about 30% to 480% of a metal b orosilicate bonding agent having a softening range between about .750 and 10. The method'of. producing an" inorganic thermoplastic machinable material comprising forming a mixture containing a small amount of 40 a liquid for plasticizing the mixture, about 40% to about 60% of a metal borosilicate bonding agent' having a softening range between about 750 and about -1500 F., about 5% to 15% of magnesium oxide having the. property of reducing brittleness and thewate'r-absorption characteristics of the thermoplastic product, and a substantially waterbalance of'the solidsv of the mixture, said sulphate being selected from the group consisting of barium, calcium and strontium sulphates, and

. about 1500 F., about 5% to 10%y magnesium oxide having the property of reducing brittle-- l insoluble alkaline earth metal sulphate having consolidating and heat-treating and plasticizing themixture under a pressure of vabout3600 to 4600 pounds per square inch and at a temperature within the softening range of the borosilicate bonding agent while inhibiting the vproduction of a glassy texture preventing machining of the final product.

armen 11. The method of producing an inorganic thermoplastic machinablematerial comprising forminga mixture containing alsmali amount of a liquid for plasticizing the mixture, a metal borosilicate bonding agent having a softening of bariumicalcium and strontium sulphates, and

about 5% -to 15% magnesium oxide having the Vproperty of reducing the brittleness and waterabsorption characteristics of the thermoplastic product, the'gbonding vagent and the alkaline learth sulphate together constituting substantially all of the balance of the solids of the mixture, the bonding agent being present in a predominating quantity as compared with the alkalineearth metal sulphate, consolidating the mixture under pressure, preheating the .pressureconsolidated' product at a temperature between about 750 and about 1500.F., and subjecting the A pre-heated, consolidated product to a final pressure treatment at a temperature between about 750 and within the softening range of the silicate bonding agent to further plasticize the product while inhibiting the production of a glassy t texture preventing machining of the iinal product.

' KARL TURK. '1f-Inman ENcEs crrEn i The following references are `of record in the ille of this patent:

' UNITED STATES PATENTS Number 'Name 1 Date 4,242 yIlarnam lOct. 25, 1845 751,080 Kruger .f- Feb. 2, 1904 901,599 Eisenlohr Oct. 20, 1908 1,049,005 Steinmetz Dec. 31, 1912 1,495,138 Downes May 20, 1924 1,894,400 Herbsman Jan. 17, 1933 2,001,664 Foster May 14, 1935 l2,032,239 Wedlock Feb. 25, 1936 2,073,136 Bennett Mar. 9, 1937 2,159,349 Bennett May 23, 1939 2,213,495 vHagar Sept. 3,1940 2,390,354 Clapp Dec. 4, 1945 FOREIGN PATENTS vNumber Country Date 1,890 Great Britain 1881 4,539 GreatBritain 1897 3,483 Great Britain f. 1903 152,780 Great Britain Q... 1920 72,475 Germany f 1893 95,084

' Germany 1897 

